Foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle

Foot and mouth disease in cattle treatment, control, prevention, symptoms and caused, Foot and mouth disease in cattle picture, pdf, vaccine, veterinary animal FMD

What is foot and mouth disease in Cattle?

Foot and Mouth Disease This is a rapidly spreading viral infectious disease that is often found in ruminants and animals. In this disease, the animal has a high fever. And there are blisters on the mouth, hoofs and udders. This disease spreads widely in cows, buffaloes, sheep, goats and pigs. Although death does not occur due to this disease, even after recovering from the disease, the efficiency of the animals, milk and wool production capacity is greatly reduced. Therefore, the economic importance of this disease is more.

Mainly it is a rapidly spreading disease due to direct contact with sick animals. Apart from this, by coming in contact with the saliva of the sick animal, it spreads to healthy animals through the use of contaminated food, and water. This virus infection reaches from one place to another even though air without coming in contact with the sick animal. When there is more moisture in the atmosphere at night, then it spreads more through moist air. Apart from this, birds, and carnivorous animals – birds and humans are also helpful in spreading diseases.

• A highly contagious viral disease
• Spreads through contact, contaminated water, feed and air.
• The disease is rarely fatal for adults, however, the milk production, fertility in females and draft power of males are severely impaired for life after recovery from the disease.
• Usually fatal in calves.
• Also affects sheep, goats (usually sub-clinically and are maintenance hosts) and pigs, which are amplification hosts (multiplies the virus around 3000 fold).

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Symptoms of foot and mouth disease in cattle

• In this disease, the death of the patient animal is less than that of the patient animal. In cross-breed animals, there is more death than in indigenous breed cows.
• The severity of symptoms depends on the type of virus and the immunity of the animal.
• First of all, high fever (104°-106° F) for 1-2 days, due to the rapid growth of the virus in the blood, there is a high fever. The animal becomes lethargic and stops eating and chewing.

Foot and mouth disease picture

Mouth Lesions

• Painful swelling in the mouth (stomatitis) Drooping salivation
• Blisters on temperature, mouth, tongue, gums etc.
• The typical sound of flabbiness in the mouth, more saliva, slightly out of the tongue.
• Within 24 hours, the blisters burst into red spots like ulcers, which later heal within a week.
• Due to the wound in the mouth, the animal is not able to eat even feed and grain.

Foot lesions

• Vesicles are formed on the coronet between and above the ribs of the animal, which later burst. Swelling also occurs on the coronet.
• The animal is neither able to stand nor walk.
• If the wounds between the hooves are not treated, maggots die.

Udder and teat lesions

• Very few on the udder while large vesicles are formed on the udder.
• Large blisters are formed at the tip of the udders, painful while milking.
• Mastitis can occur due to the milk remaining on the underside.
• Eventually, the animal becomes weak, miscarriage can also occur during pregnancy.
• If FMD If left untreated, problems such as mastitis, abortion, hoofing, sun panting, shortness of breath, reduced ability to tolerate heat, increased body hair, etc., develop in the animal.
• Although the death of animals is less in these, but the deaths that occur are more in young animals than in older animals.
• In the event of ulcers in the mouth, the animal dies due to heart failure. Sudden death can occur even without showing any symptoms.

Treatment, Prevention and control of foot and mouth disease in Cattle

• Get your animals aged 4 months and above vaccinated once in 6 months.
• Infected animals should be immediately separated since all excretions and secretions from infected animals contain the virus.
• All feed and fodder in contact with the infected animal should be destroyed.
• All equipment used should be cleaned and disinfected with a 4% sodium carbonate solution or as suggested by a veterinarian.
• Healthy animals should not be handled by persons in contact with infected animals.
• The infected premises should be disinfected with a 4% sodium carbonate solution or with the disinfectant suggested by a veterinarian.
• Vaccinating sheep, goats and pigs would control the disease to a better extent.
• Informing authorities promptly would enable them to initiate control measures at the earliest which will help in limiting the spread of the disease.

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Management of foot and mouth disease (FMD)

• Treatment is only symptomatic, the disease will run its course.
• Emollients may be applied to lesions to soothe the pain.
• Contact veterinarian for suitable advice.

Vaccinate your animals regularly against FMD to avoid economic losses

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